3 Types of Problems with Complex Phrasal Adjectives

3 Types of Problems with Complex Phrasal Adjectives 3 Types of Problems with Complex Phrasal Adjectives 3 Types of Problems with Complex Phrasal Adjectives By Mark Nichol In each of the following sentences, an error pertaining to hyphenation results in a faulty phrasal adjective. Discussion and revision explain and demonstrate how to solve the problem. 1. The company appeared to violate federal law by offering high-interest rate loans in states where such loans are prohibited. This sentence describes rate loans of a high-interest nature, but that’s not the intent of the statement. The phrase â€Å"high interest rate† serves as a phrasal adjective describing the type of loans in question, so those three words should be hyphenated together: â€Å"The company appeared to violate federal law by offering high-interest-rate loans in states where such loans are prohibited.† Alternatively, the sentence can be relaxed: â€Å"The company appeared to violate federal law by offering loans at high interest rates in states where such loans are prohibited.† (Note that no hyphenation occurs in â€Å"high interest rates† because here, high and interest do not modify rates; rather, high modifies â€Å"interest rates.† 2. A robust â€Å"think outside the box† process is needed to establish and sustain this vital dialogue between management and the board. The writer has enclosed â€Å"think outside the box† in scare quotes, apparently on the assumption that the phrase is an obscure idiom that needs to be emphasized as such, but it is familiar to the point of clichà © and therefore doesn’t merit any special treatment. But in this sentence, it is a phrasal adjective, so the four words should be linked with hyphens: â€Å"A robust think-outside-the-box process is needed to establish and sustain this vital dialogue between management and the board.† (If scare quotes were merited, the marks would serve to visually unify the phrasal adjective, so hyphenation would be redundant.) 3. Production environment access management controls can often be improved by providing user access based on role and title. It is technically correct to hyphenate the noun-cum-adjective stack that begins this sentence, but such a laboriously extended phrasal adjective is clumsy. Simplify such a construction by altering the syntax with insertion of prepositions, as in the first example above: â€Å"Controls for access management in the production environment can often be improved by providing user access based on role and title.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Cost-Effective vs. Cost-EfficientBody Parts as Tools of MeasurementMay Have vs. Might Have

Death Penalty Essay

Death Penalty Essay Death Penalty Essay Stephanny Viana ENG 111-C2 Death Penalty 7/4/11 The death penalty has been a very controversial topic for quite some time. Many oppose it; however, many are for it. There have always been problems with the death penalty system, and are becoming more evident. â€Å"California was spending about $100 million a year on death penalty cases as of 2008 in state post-trial costs alone.† (Jost 2010 Pg.8) Also, many capital defendants are still receiving inadequate representation at trial and that many or even most death row inmates have little if any legal help in challenging their convictions or sentences afterward. (Jost 2010 pg.9) Capital punishment is cruel and unusual punishment and it is unconstitutional. Opponents of the death penalty say prosecutors may be seeking the death penalty less often because of the costs of a capital trial, sentencing and post-conviction proceedings. Not only are the prosecutors worried but the Jurors are too. The process of an actual death penalty is unreasonably expensive and adds $51 million an nually. (Jost 2010 pg.9) Many also worry about executing an innocent person. (Jost 2010 pg.1) Housing inmates on death row also costs $90,000 more per inmate per year than imprisonment in a maximum security facility. (Jost 2010 pg.9) In a study published in fall 2009, North Carolina alone could save nearly $11 million a year by abolishing capital punishment. (Jost 2010 pg.15) If all states would consider abolishing this inhumane punishment, the United States could save billions and invest in better safety, hire more police officers, and possibly remove these criminals off the streets. Programs that clearly benefit safety of society are being cut because of the budget crisis, but death penalty expenditures continue to rise. It is said to be one of the most expensive state programs, and it produces no measurable gain in public safety. The average police budget had to be cut, states are letting prisoners go early, curtailing ambulance services and closing schools. Cities like New York and Washington have been enormously successful in cutting murder rates without death penalty through programs like community policing and new technologies that focus on high-crime areas. They can execute perhaps one person per year at a cost of $10 million, or use the same money to hire 200 police officers. Over 99 percent of murders do not result in an execution. Those cases that do end in a death sentence are often overturned and frequently end in a life sentence. (Jost 2010 pg.22) These delays that create these preposterous costs are affected by the delays that lead to an actual execution. The Death Penalty Information Center claims that 119 people have been â€Å"released from death rows with evidence of their innocence† since 1973. The center calls these releases â€Å"exonerations† and counts 36 such cases just since 2000. (Jost 2005 pg.2) The reason for this revelation is due to the fact that innocent people were convicted and sentenced to death and in some cases came close to being executed. Many have thought of reducing the costs by removing moratoriums on the executions, however, investigations by Northwestern University journalism students and Chicago Tribune reporters were convinced that the state’s system from sending people to death row was â€Å"fraught with error.†(Jost 2005 pg.8) The Supreme Court became somewhat more receptive to death row inmates’ pleas by setting aside death sentences for mentally retarded, juvenile offenders, and in some individual cases because of racial discrimination, trials errors or inadequate legal representation. (Jost 2005 pg.13) The many errors made in court and the lack of moratoriums in certain cases helped improve today’s system. (Liebman pg.13) For example, In a Pennsylvania case, the court somewhat strengthened the requirement that defense lawyers investigate defendants’ background for evidence that could possibly prove their innocence. Also, In a Missouri case, the court ruled that the

Kodak and Fujifilm Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Kodak and Fujifilm - Essay Example The founder of Kodak, George Eastman, an American, was dedicatedly fascinated on still photography and cameras. He patented photographic film to be stored in a roll in 1884 and after four years he had developed the first camera in the world of his invention and started operating in London. Subsequently, gradually the company became the global leader and started to dominate in the global market which has transcended beyond a century. In 1975, firstly, the company brought in significant change in the world of photography inventing digital camera. However, after 1984 in the photographic industry Kodak noticed profound changes in relation to the behavior of customers but still it remained indifferent about the changes in technologies and marketing strategies. As a result, in the 21st Century, it had to stop to manufacturing of a number of products one by one for being unable to sustain and owing to a lack of demand of the products. Finally, in the year 2012, the company filed for bankrup tcy (Beaudette & Palank, 2013). Fujifilm, a Japan based company was established in 1934 and within a decade it spread its landmark in the global market with the incorporation of effective strategies and continuous modernization of technology. In 1980, in keeping with customer requirements and to ensure its sustainability in the global market, the company made a switch from the film to digital market. As a result, it was able leverage huge amount of money from the film business and gradually reached the pinnacle of success in the photographic segment (Fujifilm Europe, n.d.). Core Business of Kodak and Fujifilm Kodak is a well known organization in the photographic film products, equipments, materials, digital imaging and services. Another principal business of Kodak is Kodak international-financial & banking business (Francis & Nias, 2012). The primarily business activities of Fujifilm entail to be involved in the development, production, sales and services of the color photographic film, digital cameras, color paper, photofinishing chemicals, graphic arts materials and equipments, medical imaging equipments, optical devices, photocopiers and printers. By the availability of these varied products, segmentation and innovation, it has captured a big global market after 1990s and has become a market leader in the photographic world in recent times (Fujifilm Europe, n.d.). Compare And Contrast About The Approach Of Management Of Both The Companies To Embrace Innovation And Management Differences That Have Impacted The Relative Success Of Kodak And Fujifilm In the global market perspective, the key dimensions of ‘change’ and ‘innovation’ are the key determinants of success to sustain in the competitive business world. These two factors are the main reasons for the downfall of Kodak and pinnacle of success for Fujifilm in the photographic market. Though Kodak entered in the market of Japan in 1905 but the management of the organization did n ot take the market seriously for strengthening the distribution system, marketing strategies, segmentation, and for making customers needs and demands assessment. After a long period in 1977, it started to focus to strengthen the marketing chain, distribution system and advertising. As a result, it became one of the best photographic product producers of the year in Japan by